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A new fracture criterion for peridynamic and dual-horizon peridynamics

Jinhai ZHAO, Hesheng TANG, Songtao XUE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 629-641 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0447-1

摘要： A new fracture criterion based on the crack opening displacement for peridynamic (PD) and dual-horizon peridynamics (DH-PD) is proposed. When the relative deformation of the PD bond between the particles reaches the critical crack tip opening displacement of the fracture mechanics, we assume that the bond force vanishes. A new damage rule similar to the local damage rule in conventional PD is introduced to simulate fracture. The new formulation is developed for a linear elastic solid though the extension to nonlinear materials is straightforward. The performance of the new fracture criterion is demonstrated by four examples, i.e. a bilateral crack problem, double parallel crack, monoclinic crack and the double inclined crack. The results are compared to experimental data and the results obtained by other computational methods.

关键词： Castigliano’s theorem breaking energy critical extension XFEM COD PD-COD

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GENOME EDITING: A GROUND BREAKING RESEARCH HAS BEEN RANKED TOP 10 ENGINEERING FRONTS FROM 2017 TO 2021

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 309-311 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022440

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平缓岸坡上波浪谱的变形及破碎

李玉成,崔丽芳,于洋,董国海,高家俊,庄士贤

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第5期页码 51-59

摘要：

文章通过理论分析和实验研究，讨论了平缓岸坡条件下不规则波的破碎指标、波浪谱变形与破碎特点及其计算方法和不再发生破碎的岸坡条件，并与物模实验结果和现场观测结果进行比较，结果吻合较好。

关键词：波浪谱岸坡变形破碎

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铁路防风治沙工程的规划设计

蒋富强,王锡来

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 7-10

摘要：

结合国家西部大开发的有关方针政策，论述了在新形势下铁路防风治沙工程规划设计的新型指导思想；从人与自然和谐发展角度，对铁路防风治沙工程的规划设计提出了几点合理化建议；对目前规划设计中存在的固沙防火带宽度和沙障立柱埋深计算问题，从理论上进行了探讨并提出了解决方案。对于新形势下的铁路防风治沙工程具有一定的指导意义和现实意义。

关键词：铁路防风治沙规划设计

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打破学科界限的整合课程学习——全球STEM 课程的开发

Katherine Shirey

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 170-174 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.006

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Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty? —A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China

DONG Hongwei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0069-2

摘要： In the environmental protection field of China, due to lower law-breaking cost but higher law-abiding cost , it is a common case that the enterprise chooses to break through the law on purpose. The punishment to the unlawful pr

关键词： law-abiding punishment environmental protection law-breaking enterprise

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特大城市暴雨灾害断链推演与应对方法研究

靳文波,杨继星 ,刘韶菲 ,张云雷 ,肖甜甜

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第1期页码 20-29 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.01.010

摘要：

近年来我国特大城市暴雨链生灾害频发，严重威胁人民的生命财产安全和社会稳定，采取有效应对措施及时进行断链减灾至关重要。本文深入梳理暴雨链生灾害体系，研究当前内涝灾害趋势推演模型以及各类推演模拟成果在灾害链阻断过程中的重要作用，提出模拟推演与综合响应相结合的断链思路，明确各类应急主体在特大城市巨灾应对过程中的响应策略。同时，提出以“预案”“监测”“推演”“协同”“救援”为基础的特大城市暴雨链生灾害总体应对思路，针对突发灾害场景下的多部门预案协同、多维度信息汇聚、多层级精准预警、多队伍联动调度等关键问题提出了完备综合预案体系、构建监测预警网络、提升模拟推演应用、强化联合响应能力、夯实精准救援能力五方面应对方法。并在政策法规制定、标准编制、智慧化技术应用、智能预警与定向发布技术的推广、“全民应急”新格局的形成方面提出了发展建议。

关键词：暴雨；链生灾害；趋势推演；协同响应；防灾减灾

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核能发展国际高端论坛 International Summit on Nuclear Energy Development

会议日期： 2019年05月15日

会议地点：中国

主办单位：中国工程院

Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 931-942 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0771-y

摘要： Diverse interactions between microwaves and irradiated media provide a solid foundation for identifying novel organization pathways for energy flow. In this study, a high-energy-site phenomenon and targeted-energy transition mechanism were identified in a particular microwave heating (MH) process. Intense discharges were observed when microwaves were imposed on irregularly sized SiC particles, producing tremendous heat that was 8-fold the amount generated in the discharge-free case. Energy efficiency was thereby greatly improved in the electricity-microwaves-effective heat transition. Meanwhile, the dispersed microwave field energy concentrated in small sites, where local temperatures could reach 2000°C– 4000°C, with the energy density reaching up to 4.0 × 10⁵ W/kg. This can be called a high-energy site phenomenon which could induce further processes or reactions enhancement by coupling effects of heat, light, and plasma. The whole process, including microwave energy concentration and intense site-energy release, shapes a targeted-energy transition mechanism that can be optimized in a controlled manner through morphology design. In particular, the discharge intensity, frequency, and high-energy sites were strengthened through the fabrication of sharp nano/microstructures, conferring twice the energy efficiency of untreated metal wires. The microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition provide an important pathway for high-efficiency energy deployment and may lead to promising applications.

关键词： microwave discharge high-energy sites targeted-energy transition morphology design energy efficiency

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核能发展国际高端论坛 International Summit on Nuclear Energy Development

会议日期： 2019年05月15日

会议地点：中国

主办单位：中国工程院

Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 388-398 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0273-7

摘要： The energy consumption of campus buildings has specific characteristics, because of the concentrated distribution of people’s working time and locations that change in line with distinct seasonal features. The traditional energy system design and operation for campus buildings is only based on the constant room temperature, such as 25°C in summer and 18°C in winter in China, not taking into consideration the real heating or cooling load characteristics of campus buildings with different functions during the whole day and whole year, which usually results in a lot of energy waste. This paper proposes to set different set-point temperatures in different operation stages of public and residential campus buildings to reduce the heating and cooling design load for energy station and total campus energy consumption for annual operation. Taking a campus under construction in Tianjin, China as an example, two kinds of single building models were established as the typical public building and residential building models on the campus. Besides, the models were simulated at both set-point room temperature and constant room temperature respectively. The comparison of the simulation results showed that the single building energy saving method of the peak load clipping could be used for further analysis of the annual energy consumption of campus building groups. The results proved that the strategy of set-point temperature optimization could efficiently reduce the design load and energy consumption of campus building groups.

关键词： campus buildings set-point temperature energy simulation energy saving optimization

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Modeling China’s energy dilemma: conflicts among energy saving, energy security, and CO 2 mitigation

Feng FU, Zheng LI, Linwei MA,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 295-300 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0104-z

摘要： This study analyzes China’s future energy scenarios stretching until 2050 under different policy portfolios of energy security (e.g., oil import dependency) and CO emissions control. Four scenarios, namely, ① business as usual, ② strong oil import dependency (OID) control, ③ strong CO emissions control, and ④ twofold emphasis on OID and CO emissions control, are designed. The results reveal the existence of conflicts among China’s multiple objectives, particularly energy saving, energy security, and CO mitigation. Based on the analysis, an improvement in China’s efficiency in fossil energy conversion and the promotion of the utilization of non-fossil energy such as nuclear, wind, and hydro energy are recommended. The over-development of coal-derived fuels should also be avoided because of incremental coal consumption and CO emissions. Furthermore, research on and development of carbon capture and storage technologies should be promoted, while the energy efficiency loss caused by integrating these technologies into energy systems should be reduced in view of the high possibility of stricter standards for CO emissions in the future.

关键词： Energy dilemma energy saving energy security CO2 mitigation

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Blockchain in energy systems: values, opportunities, and limitations

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 9-18 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0818-8

摘要： The structure of a power energy system is becoming more distributed than before. It becomes challenging to manage such a system in a centralized way, because a central authority may not exist or may not be trusted by all parties. Blockchain is a promising tool to address this challenge, by enabling trusted collaboration in the absence of a trusted central authority. Its use in the energy sector has been pioneered by several pilot projects. However, to date the energy sector has not seen large-scale deployment of blockchain, partly because the founders of those pilot projects, the public, and utilities have not reached consensus on the values and limitations of blockchain in energy. This perspective aims to bridge this gap. First, the philosophy and unique values of blockchain are discussed. Second, some promising blockchain-based applications in energy systems are presented. Third, some common misunderstandings of blockchain in energy are discussed. Last, some frequently-asked questions from utilities are discussed. Hopefully this perspective can help advance large-scale deployment of blockchain in energy systems.

关键词： blockchain immutability energy trading energy management data synchronization

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Unconventional energy: Seeking the ways to innovate energy science and technology

Jing LIU, Zhixiong GUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 195-197 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0568-9

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Impact of household transitions on domestic energy consumption and its applicability to urban energy

Benachir MEDJDOUB, Moulay Larbi CHALAL

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 171-183 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017029

摘要： The household sector consumes roughly 30% of Earth’s energy resources and emits approximately 17% of its carbon dioxide. As such, developing appropriate policies to reduce the CO emissions, which are associated with the world’s rapidly growing urban population, is a high priority. This, in turn, will enable the creation of cities that respect the natural environment and the well-being of future generations. However, most of the existing expertise focuses on enhancing the thermal quality of buildings through building physics while few studies address the social and behavioral aspects. In fact, focusing on these aspects should be more prominent, as they cause between 4% and 30% of variation in domestic energy consumption. Premised on that, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect in the context of the UK of household transitions on household energy consumption patterns. To achieve this, we applied statistical procedures (e.g., logistic regression) to official panel survey data comprising more than 5500 households in the UK tracked annually over the course of 18 years. This helped in predicting future transition patterns for different household types for the next 10 to 15 years. Furthermore, it enabled us to study the relationship between the predicted patterns and the household energy usage for both gas and electricity. The findings indicate that the life cycle transitions of a household significantly influence its domestic energy usage. However, this effect is mostly positive in direction and weak in magnitude. Finally, we present our developed urban energy model “EvoEnergy” to demonstrate the importance of incorporating such a concept in energy forecasting for effective sustainable energy decision-making.

关键词： urban energy planning household transitions smart cities energy forecasting household projection serious gaming